Ancient Egypt September 10 2018

Check Out These 10 Must-See Fall Exhibits
Archaeologist eye to eye to with a sphinx underwater, Eastern Harbor, Alexandria, Egypt, 1st century BC; granodiorite; 27 9/16 x 59 1/16 inches; National Museum of Alexandria (SCA 450); IEASM Excavations; Photos: Jèrôme Delafosse © Franck Goddio / Hilti Foundation. (Jèrôme Delafosse)

Get out and make fall a season of learning across the United States. These 10 museums will teach you, among other things, about the history of Victorian dolls, the gravity of Bill Traylor’s art and the mysteries of ancient Egypt.

In November, Egypt’s Sunken Cities moves from St. Louis to Minneapolis. This exhibit is fantastic! For a preview, see the photos I took in St. Louis.

South Asasif Conservation Project August and September 2018

The main August event was the delivery and installation of the canopic jars of the Lady of the House Amenirdis in the Luxor Museum. We found these beautiful jars in the tomb of Karabasken (TT 391) in May 2018. The Qurna inspectorate, the Ministry’s museum sector and the direction of the Luxor Museum were extremely helpful in making this exhibition possible. The canopic jars are the first objects found by our archeological team to be put on display in the Luxor Museum.

Ancient Egyptian village found in Nile Delta predated pharaohs, archaeologists say
This undated photo released by the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, shows one of the oldest villages ever found in the Nile Delta, with remains dating back to before the pharaohs in Tell el-Samara, about 87 miles north of Cairo, Egypt.Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities via AP
Egypt said Sunday that archaeologists have unearthed one of the oldest villages ever found in the Nile Delta, with remains dating back to before the pharaohs.

The Antiquities Ministry said the Neolithic site was discovered in Tell el-Samara, about 87 miles north of Cairo.

An Ancient Egyptian Village Just Found in The Nile Delta Predates The Pyramids by 2500 Years - ScienceAlert

Ancient Egypt: Land Before Pharaohs Revealed in Village Two Thousand Years Older Than Giza ... - Newsweek

Incredible Ancient Egyptian village unearthed that was lived in 2500 years BEFORE the pyramids ... - The Sun

Hundreds of Ancient Egyptian Antiquities Feared Destroyed in Brazil Museum Fire
The museum was founded in 1818 by King Joao VI [Ricardo Moraes/Reuters]

A devastating fire broke out on Sunday evening in Brazil and destroyed the 200-year old National Museum in Rio de Janeiro, which houses important artefacts from Egypt and is the oldest scientific institution in the country.

The cause of the blaze is still unknown, and no injuries have been reported.

Massive fire rips through 200-year-old Rio National Museum - Aljazeera.com

Brazil's National Museum engulfed by massive fire - CNN

'A Sad Day for All Brazilians': Fire Engulfs National Museum of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro - ARTnews

Crowdsourcing efforts save digital ghosts of artifacts lost in Brazil’s museum fire Geek Wire

Researchers hope some objects survived Brazil museum fire - CTV News

Irreplaceable West Coast artifacts destroyed in Rio museum fire - CTV News

'It's a huge loss': Rare west coast artifacts destroyed in Brazil museum fire - CTV News

Closure of Ancient Worlds galleries
It’s a Wrap as Manchester Museum closes its Ancient Worlds Galleries, Reopening in 2021

Manchester Museum, part of the University of Manchester, will be taking its much loved objects on tour over the next three years as the museum undergoes an exciting £13 million transformation, hello future. The museum will be building a new two-storey extension, which includes a partnership South Asia gallery with The British Museum, Chinese Culture gallery, Special Exhibitions Hall a new entrance and shop, making it more inclusive, imaginative and relevant to the diverse communities it serves.

Evolution in Photorealistic Media

An international team of more than 50 specialists was involved in the creation of "Yesterday - Tomorrow", among them 13 Egyptologists from institutions such as Brown University, Harvard University, the Sorbonne, University of British Columbia and American University in Cairo.

The link has a short video. Here are some photos from the exhibit.

Sha-Amun-En-SU, the singer of amun from the National Museum

A brief animation made by PUC / RJ Presents Sha-Amun-En-Su in life, the mummy that was part of Emperor D's collection. Pedro II.

Note: The mummy and coffin of Sha-Amun-En-Su were destroyed in the fire that levelled the National Museum of Brazil.

In 1876, when he visited Egypt, Dom Pedro ii gained a gift from the khedive (meaning "Sovereign" was the title equivalent to viceroy given to the pasha of Egypt during the Ottoman Empire) Ismail the skiff of lady sha-Amun - in-SU, richly worked. The Emperor kept him in his office until the proclamation of the republic in 1889, when the play went on to integrate the collection of the National Museum, remaining until today.

Low season, about 750 B.C.
Wood poking and polychrome; Western Thebes, ancient Egypt; 1,58 cm.


Picture of the Week

In New York city, at the Lincoln Center subway station, are mosaics by Nancy Spero with Egyptian figures. Thanks to Tamara Bower for posting this!

Zurcaroh takes viewers to ancient Egypt in breathtaking ‘America’s Got Talent’ Semifinals performance [WATCH]

Ancient Egypt September 3 2018

Labor Day in Ancient Egypt

Labor Day is a holiday in the United States, and one most of us look forward to celebrating. (Who doesn't like a day off work?) This link is to a post I did for Labor Day 2015; to be perfectly honest, not that much changed in ancient Egyptian labor practices since2015.

THE B-LIST: Mystery, mysticism and mummies — uncovering adventure in the deserts of Egypt
Universal Studios

From Indiana Jones to Lara Croft, Nathan Drake to Captain Nemo, you've just got to love a good adventure built around a treasure hunter.

And while the lost Incan cities of Peruvian jungles, Mexico's fabled Fountain of Youth and mountainous Chinese ruins make for memorable settings, there's one place known for magic treasure that never fails to fire the imagination: Egypt.

Hidden Stories of Egyptian Museum

A tour in the Egyptian Museum would take its visitors to ancient Egypt. It is a time travel journey to decipher the symbols of the amazing monuments and to know the meaning of the most important archaeological pieces in the museum.

The Egyptian Museum has an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities. The museum was opened in 1902, during the reign of Khedive Abbas Helmy II in the heart of Cairo.

Student discovers writing on pieces of ancient Egyptian mummy case
This historical photo shows the ancient Egyptian mummy case on display at the Stanford museum before the 1906 earthquake broke it into pieces. Credit: Department of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries

When Ariela Algaze signed up for a spring 2018 course on museums, she didn't expect to get wrapped up in the mystery of an ancient Egyptian mummy case that Jane Stanford herself purchased more than 100 years ago.

"I was just excited to learn how to put an exhibit display together," said Algaze, a Stanford art history sophomore. "But I became obsessed with finding out everything I could about this artifact."

A Female Figurine from Ancient Egypt

Countless figurines have been found in Egypt, from steatopygous figurines in the Predynastic to blue faience nude figurines, from paddle dolls to innumerable shabtis, statuettes designed to spring to life in the afterlife to work for their master in the Fields of Reeds. This particular figurine – E.6895 – predates the New Kingdom (c. 16th Century BCE) and is something of a curious find. The object comes from Garstang’s excavation at Abydos (1906-1909). The statuette features an elaborate headdress or wig, and is decorated with rounded impressions across the entirety of the figurine. These “punctures” are paralleled on other figurines from the Pharaonic Period.

New Books in Egyptology – July-August 2018

Every two months the Nile Scribes update our readers on the most recent Egyptological publications. From accessible reads to peer-reviewed scholarship, we hope to illustrate the wide variety of topics discussed in Egyptology, and perhaps introduce you to your next read! This summer has seen a vast array of topics addressed through new publications, ranging from astronomy and ceramics to imperialism and tomb robberies. Below are eleven new books that were released this summer (July and August 2018).

Archaeological inspection unearths a partial Ptolemaic necropolis in Alexandria

An Egyptian archaeological mission discovered a Ptolemaic necropolis in Alexandria’s western cemetery while carrying out a preliminary archaeological inspection before erecting an iron gate around a workshop at the Gabal Al-Zaytoun railway station in Alexandria.

Pyramid of Khafre’s maintenance works start after Eid el-Adha
Pyramid of Khafre – Egypt Today.

Head of Central Administration for the Restoration and Development of Monuments, Dr. Gharib Sonbol, stated that maintenance works in the pyramid of Khafre will be held after the Eid el-Adha vacation (Muslim celebrations).

The maintenance is carried periodically by the Ministry of Antiquities in an effort to protect the ancient Egyptian monuments.

Sitchin’s rocket in the tomb of Amenhotep-Huy

Painting of the west wall in the tomb of Huy by Charles K. Wilkinson (1920s),  Image © Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

 If you had ever wondered how I came to be writing cranky blog posts debunking memes on the internet, and for that matter, critiquing old art history publications, it is a slightly organic process for me.  I often use the internet for research and I research Near Eastern iconography, which naturally now and then involves searching for images or publications.

After resolutely excluding Pinterest from searches I quite often also come across links to pseudo-science posts that make uninformed claims about ancient art.  Rather than have a complete meltdown, or shun the internet entirely, I write these responses.  It is surprisingly relaxing, my partner sorts stamps, I sort blog posts, in a manner of speaking.

Great Sphinx in Egypt is 800,000 years-old, scientists claim

The Great Sphinx in Egypt is 800,000 years-old, according to a controversial new theory.

A pair of Ukrainian researchers say the mysterious structure is far older than the accepted claim that it was built during the reign of the Pharaoh Khafre between 2558–2532 BC.

Manichev Vjacheslav I. and Alexander G. Parkhomenko say evidence of water erosion at the monuments of the Giza Plateau shows the monument was partially flooded.

What really happened to the Library of Alexandria? - Elizabeth Cox

Picture of the week: Isis Temple, Philae, 1920

Ancient Egypt August 27

A New Tradition is Born
Léo, master baker at the Intercontinental, shaped bread dough into mummies, falcons and vases to serve the traditional French ‘poule au pot’.

This July, in Cairo, the Institut Français d’ Egypte, invited Hopla Studios (a culinary design studio based in France), the French Embassy in Cairo, the Intercontinental Hotel City Stars, and Slow Food Cairo to collaborate in recreating heritage foods with a modern twist. Inspired by the important role of food in Ancient Egypt, and of bread in particular, the week-long event orchestrated by Hopla Studios, included round table discussions, presentations and workshops, and culminated with hands-on cooking sessions for children and adults at Mamushka’s restaurant. People of all ages found something fun and interesting to do whilst enjoying good food, presented with flair.

That Massive Black Sarcophagus Contained 3 Inscriptions. Here's What They Mean
Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities

Three drawings, incised on three sheets of gold, have been discovered in a massive black granite sarcophagus in Alexandria, Egypt.

One expert, not involved with the research, told Live Science that one of the drawings may depict the seed pod of an opium poppy within a shrine. The significance of this enigmatic drawing is still not clear, the expert said.

Initial analysis shows skeletons from huge Egyptian sarcophagus are two men, one woman

The three skeletons found inside a massive granite sarcophagus unearthed in Alexandria last month have been analysed and found to be a young woman and two men, Egyptian antiquities officials have said, and intricate gold panels have also been discovered inside the coffin.

Egypt's new one-billion dollar museum (CNN Video)

Egypt is building The Grand Egyptian Museum, a more than one billion-dollar undertaking that will re-house and restore the country's most precious artifacts. Source: CNN

Picture of the Week: Ancient Egypt – Comparisons caught on camera

Click the link to see early and more recent photographs of some of the great sites. Here's an example from Luxor Temple.

Best meme yet!

Ancient Egypt August 20 2018

EATAD announces ‘Seven Wonders of Ancient Egypt’
Abydos. Photo © Michalea Moore

The Egyptian Association for Tourism and Archaeological Development (EATAD) has compiled its official “Seven Wonders of Ancient Egypt”, with the Giza pyramids at the top of the list.

Multilingualism along the Nile
Photo courtesy of and © Luigi Prada

When we think of the language of ancient Egypt, the first thing that springs to mind is hieroglyphs carved on temple and tomb walls, the expression of a monolithic and unchangeable culture. Yet this could not be further from the truth. The civilization of ancient Egypt was much more dynamic and open to innovation than we normally give it credit for, and so was its linguistic complexity..

Prehistoric Mummy Reveals Ancient Egyptian Embalming ‘Recipe’ was around for Millennia
Pic credit: Dr Stephen Buckley, University of York

The ancient Egyptians developed sophisticated embalming treatments far earlier and across a wider geographical area than had been previously known, forensic tests on a well-known prehistoric mummy have revealed.

2 Ancient Pieces Discovered during Groundwater Lifting Works in Aswan

The Egyptian Commission affiliated with the Ministry of Antiquities succeeded in discovering two ancient pieces made of mud-sand that date back to the Ptolemaic era.

The discovery was made while the commission was undergoing their current works of removing groundwater from under the Temple of Kom Ombo in the city of Aswan, south of Egypt.

World's oldest cheese found in Egyptian tomb

Aging usually improves the flavor of cheese, but that's not why some very old cheese discovered in an Egyptian tomb is drawing attention. Instead, it's thought to be the most ancient solid cheese ever found, according to a study published in ACS' journal Analytical Chemistry.

• Earliest-known Real Cheese Found in Ancient Egyptian Tomb - Haaretz
• 'Cursed' Mummy Cheese Might Be the World's Oldest, Researchers Say - Live Science
• Archaeologists Find 3200-Year-Old Cheese in an Egyptian Tomb - New York Times
• ANCIENT EGYPT: DID RESEARCHERS JUST FIND THE WORLD’S OLDEST CHEESE? - Newsweek

Unpublished Egyptian texts reveal new insights into ancient medicine
Instructions for a 3,500-year-old pregnancy test. Credit: Carlsberg Papyrus Collection / University of Copenhagen

The University of Copenhagen in Denmark is home to a unique collection of Ancient Egyptian papyrus manuscripts.

A large part of the collection has not yet been translated, leaving researchers in the dark about what they might contain.

"A large part of the texts are still unpublished. Texts about medicine, botany, astronomy, astrology, and other sciences practiced in Ancient Egypt," says Egyptologist Kim Ryholt, Head of the Carlsberg Papyrus Collection at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

WOMEN ROCKED THE ANCIENT WORLD—BUT RULING IT WAS HARDER
Nefertiti, Cleopatra, and Hatshepsut Commanded Empires and Flipped Gender Roles While Pushing Against the Patriarchy

Cleopatra shattered the glass ceiling of power in ancient Egypt. Boudica, the fearsome first-century Celtic Iceni queen, “leaned in” by leading a bloody uprising against the occupying Roman army.

But did either of these women, or a handful of other formidable females whose exploits were recorded by history, ever actually rule the world? That topic took center-stage before an overflow audience at a Zócalo/Getty panel discussion that roamed from pharaonic Egypt to the court of Queen Elizabeth I to the White House.

The Battle Of The Delta (1175 BCE)

The Battle of the Delta was a sea battle between Egypt and the Sea Peoples, circa 1175 BCE when the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses III repulsed a major sea invasion.

The conflict occurred somewhere at the shores of the eastern Nile Delta and partly on the bord

This major conflict is recorded on the temple walls of the mortuary temple of Pharaoh Ramesses III at Medinet Habu.

Report: Sohag Museum a mirror reflecting Egypt’s history

The Sohag National Museum which overlooks the Nile in the Upper Egyptian town of Sohag was finally inaugurated by Egyptian President Abdel Fatah al-Sisi on Monday.

In 1989, the foundational stones of this museum were first placed. In 1991, the designs and architectural drawing began and the first contractor received the project in 1993. The project was set to be completed in 1995 but this didn’t happen because the museum launch was halted several times due to technical and interior design issues as well as the lack of financial resources.

For a glimpse inside the museum, check out the Egyptian Museum's Facebook page.
Also of interest, The museum of Sohag in numbers.

From the ND Prairie to Egypt
ND native Mark Lehner discovers more mysteries of the Giza Plateau
Submitted Photo Mark Lehner, center, discusses the 2018 excavations at the Kromer Dump site with Mohsen Kamel, left, field director, and archaeologist Aude Gr—zer Ohara, who points to artifacts they discovered. 

World-renowned Egyptologist Mark Lehner’s journey to the Giza Plateau started in North Dakota.

Lehner said his journey to Egypt began more than 40 years ago when in September 1971 he dropped out of college (He’s Dr. Mark Lehner now.) and didn’t know what to do next. He decided he would hitchhike across the country. So he packed a few things and set out from Minot on U.S. Highway 83.

Papyrus of Aaner, priest of the goddess Mut, Third Intermediate Period (1076 – 722 a.C.)

Check out this amazing animation on the Museo Egizio, Torino Facebook page.

Pictures of the Week

Vintage travel posters from The American University in Cairo Press (AUC Press) Facebook page. Oh, how I'd like to have some of these beauties.

The Lucy Gura Archive of the Egypt Exploration Society

The Lucy Gura Archive of the Egypt Exploration Society contains thousands of glass-plate negatives documenting the very earliest years of British archaeology in Egypt. From Petrie’s earliest work in the cemeteries of Abydos through to the excavations of the sacred Buchis bull catacombs in the Bucheum at Armant (ancient Hermonthis), they preserve some of the most significant sites from Egypt’s Pharaonic past.

In 2008 all of the glass-plate negative collections were cleaned and digitised and in 2012–13, many of these slides were subsequently rehoused in archive-standard boxes. However, some 5000 were never rehoused and are at risk of irreparable damage during the forthcoming premises relocation. In order to preserve the negatives for future generations of researchers, they must be rehoused before the move.

Help them here.

Ancient Egypt August 13 2018

New look Bolton Museum to open the doors to Ancient Egypt

Bolton Museum's multi-million Egyptology gallery will be unveiled next month to showcase its Egyptian treasures in all their glory.

Bolton's Egypt will officially welcome people to step back into the land of the Pharoahs on September 22, where they can enter the burial chamber of Thutmose III, of which a full size reproduction has been created.

Karnak on the Cumberland
Victorian-era Egyptomania left its mark on this Nashville landmark. 

There’s a reason the building is affectionately referred to by some as the “Karnak on the Cumberland.” The Downtown Presbyterian congregation was so taken by Egyptomania that its members insisted this infatuation be reflected in the architecture of their church. The result is a stunning, if somewhat unexpected, mixture of Ancient Egyptian and Protestant Christian imagery.

New Egyptian dinosaur reveals ancient link between Africa and Europe
Credit: Andrew McAfee, Carnegie Museum of Natural History

Mansourasaurus shahinae helps fill in gaps of African dinosaurs of Late Cretaceous

When it comes to the final days of the dinosaurs, Africa is something of a blank page. Fossils found in Africa from the Late Cretaceous, the time period from 100 to 66 million years ago, are few and far between. That means that the course of dinosaur evolution in Africa has largely remained a mystery. But in the Egyptian Sahara Desert, scientists have discovered a new species of dinosaur that helps fill in those gaps.

Sphinx discovered during Road Construction between Ancient Temples
(File photo) © Tara Todras-Whitehill / Reuters

An Egyptian infrastructure project has been halted after construction workers found a sphinx-like statue during roadworks between the ancient temples of Karnak and Luxor.

Current GEM logo is temporary: Minister

After the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) launched its logo in June, citizens and experts have raised their objections, claiming that the logo is quite mundane and that it does not represent the Ancient Egyptian collection displayed in the museum.

Digital Resources for Teaching Ancient Egypt

As two newcomers to the teaching world, the Nile Scribes are interested in how they can apply digital humanities to their classrooms in the future. During our brief careers as students of Egyptology, we have been personally acquainted with how far digital humanities has come over the last decade, and the development of online resources for Egyptologists. This week, the Nile Scribes are taking a look at some of the digital tools that are available online to help with teaching Egyptology.Digital Resources for Teaching Ancient Egypt,

What is the Egyptian Book of the Dead? (Part 1) - Ancient Egyptian Religion

An introduction to the ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead (Spells of Coming Forth by Day) - what the Book of the Dead is, what the Book of the Dead isn’t, what the Book of the Dead’s purpose was, and why anyone would want a Book of the Dead.

Picture of the Week: 2,300-Year-Old Mummy Unveiled in Saqqara near the Pyramid of Teti

The 2300 year old mummy wearing a golden mask was discovered at Egypt’s Saqqara Pyramids complex south of Cairo in May 2005. The mummy is unidentified from the 30th dynasty, had been closed in a wooden sarcophagus and buried in sand at the bottom of a 20’ shaft before being discovered by Louvre’s Saqqara excavations team. The identity of the mummy is unknown but it is believed that it is from the 30th dynasty (380-343 BC). The ancient Egyptian was probably wealthy owing to the fine gold used to make the mummy’s mask and the location of the burial.

Ancient Egypt August 6 2018

Grand Egyptian Museum receives head of King Senusert I
King Senusret head - Ministry of Antiquites Offical Facebook Page

The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) received on Friday the red granite head of the statue of King Senusret I from an antiquities' storehouse in Cairo Citadel in order to be displayed with the opening of the museum in 2019.

In a statement, GEM general supervisor Tareq Tawfiq said the head is carved from red granite and has the common artistic features found in pieces attributed to the Middle Kingdom.

Incredible Electromagnetic Discovery In Great Pyramid Of Giza's Hidden Chambers
Dog enjoying the electronimagnetic energy of the Great Pyramid. © Michalea Moore 2017

The Great Pyramid of Giza is steeped in history and mythology, and as such fascinates researchers from various fields who all want to unravel its many secrets.

Now, an international team of physicists has found that, under the right conditions, the Great Pyramid can concentrate electromagnetic energy in its internal chambers and under its base.

Two Ancient Egyptian tombs uncovered in Minya

The Egyptian-Australian Archaeological Mission of the University of Macquarie, Australia have rediscovered the tombs of two statesmen from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt at the Beni Hassan antiquities area in Minya, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mostafa al-Waziry announced.

Ancient Egypt: A Tale of Human Sacrifice?
Subsidiary chambers of the tomb of King Den. Photos by the authors
From our modern perspective, the idea of human sacrifice in ancient Egypt is so exotic as to be desirable. But what evidence would really indicate the practice in ancient Egypt? Is it to be found in the pathology of buried individuals, the architecture, the iconographical record, or in oral and written tradition? Are other interpretations equally if not more valid? Our discussion focuses on the early sites of Adaima, Hierakonpolis, Abydos, and Maadi.

Adaima lies about 550km south of Cairo and was primarily excavated between 1989 and 2005. Its two cemeteries contain almost 900 Predynastic graves studied by osteoarchaeologists and anthropobiologists. Some skeletons showed clear cut marks on the upper vertebrae and it seems that skulls were removed after decomposition. But does this constitute human sacrifice?

How Ancient Egypt Shaped Our Idea of Beauty
These cosmetic pots contained kohl, which the ancient Egyptians applied like eye-liner, perhaps to screen out the sun (Credit: Two Temple Place/Ipswich Museum)

Walking around Beyond Beauty, the new exhibition organised by charitable foundation the Bulldog Trust in the neo-Gothic mansion of Two Temple Place in central London, you would be forgiven for thinking that the ancient Egyptians were insufferably vain.

Jean-Claude Golvin Online
ÉGYPTE - OUADI ES SEBOUA - TEMPLE DE RAMSÈS II
Jean-Claude Golvin is a French architect, archaeologist and former researcher at the CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research - Bordeaux III Michel de Montaigne University). He is the world’s first specialist in the visual reconstruction of great sites from the Antiquity.

He has produced over 1000 drawings of ancient and medieval cities and monuments, most of which are deposited at the Departmental Museum of Ancient Arles – the most active museum in France regarding this period in history, second only to the Louvre.

Here is the direct link to the Egypt page.

Where's the Tomb of King Tut's Wife? Valley of the Kings Dig Leaves Mystery

Before ancient Egyptians constructed a tomb they would dig holes that contained buried artifacts. The tomb would then be built nearby. Recently, in the Valley of the Kings (where King Tut was buried), archaeologists unearthed a set of these "foundation deposits," but to their puzzlement, no tomb has been found.

Women Archaeologists Database!
Image: Margaret Murray and Hilda Petrie

"Breaking Ground may as well have been titled 'Against All Odds,' as the women archaeologists whose lives and careers we remember here faced innumerable challenges and difficulties but prevailed to contribute significantly to the expansion of our knowledge of the ancient world."

Explore this database of the intrepid women of archaeology by Brown University.









Picture of the week: Abu Simbel 1930

Abu Simbel Temples in 1930 before the transfer of The Abu Simbel temples. Known as the "Temple of Ramesses, beloved by Amun" it was one of six rock temples. The smaller temple is dedicated to the goddess Hathor.

It was relocated in its entirety in 1968, because it would have been submerged during the creation of Lake Nasser after the building of the Aswan high dam on the Nile River.